Case Studies for Core Java

✅ UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO OOP AND JAVA FUNDAMENTALS

Contact Hours: 8

1. Case Study 1:
   A start-up is developing a student management system in Java. How will you utilize Object-Oriented Programming principles such as encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism to design its architecture? Illustrate with class diagrams and code snippets.

2. Case Study 2:
   You are asked to build a calculator application that supports basic arithmetic operations using Java. Describe how you would structure the Java source file, manage compilation, and implement methods, static members, and control flow statements efficiently.

3. Case Study 3:
   A university wants to generate reports for thousands of students. Explain how arrays and packages can be used to modularize the program. Also discuss how JavaDoc comments would be useful for long-term code maintenance.

4. Case Study 4:
   Assume a situation where a sensor data monitoring application needs to be developed. How would you define appropriate data types, variables, and use access specifiers to ensure secure and optimized coding practices?

5. Case Study 5:
   An educational platform wants to simulate the concept of classes and objects for teaching. Design a class-based Java program to represent books in a library, including methods like borrow(), return(), and displayDetails(). Highlight how this showcases OOP fundamentals.

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✅ UNIT 2: INHERITANCE AND INTERFACES

Contact Hours: 8

1. Case Study 1:
   Design an application for a vehicle rental system using inheritance. Define a superclass Vehicle and derive classes like Car, Bike, and Truck. Discuss how constructors in subclasses and protected members are useful.

2. Case Study 2:
   Develop a Java program using interfaces to model different payment methods like UPI, CreditCard, and NetBanking. Justify why interfaces are more appropriate than abstract classes in this case.

3. Case Study 3:
   A software firm uses a class Person to represent both employees and customers. How would you use the Object class, method overriding, and final keywords to prevent modification in some parts of the class hierarchy?

4. Case Study 4:
   Discuss a situation where object cloning is essential, such as copying user profiles. Explain how to implement cloning in Java and the role of the Cloneable interface.

5. Case Study 5:
   Create a case where inner classes and collections like Array, List, and String are used to manage product inventory in an e-commerce application. How does the inner class help in encapsulating helper logic?

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✅ UNIT 3: EXCEPTION HANDLING AND I/O

Contact Hours: 8

1. Case Study 1:
   While developing a file processing system, you encounter frequent errors such as FileNotFound and IOException. Discuss how built-in exceptions and custom exceptions can be used to manage such scenarios.

2. Case Study 2:
   Design an online form submission system that logs exceptions in a file. Explain how you will use exception hierarchy, stack trace elements, and file I/O concepts to log the details efficiently.

3. Case Study 3:
   Explain a scenario where a program processes sensor data using character streams and displays them on the console. How would you use byte vs character streams to optimize for speed and compatibility?

4. Case Study 4:
   You are building a command-line tool in Java for file conversion. How do you handle reading and writing files and manage I/O exceptions simultaneously?

5. Case Study 5:
   Create a console-based grade report system. Use Java’s I/O streams to read marks from a file and write the final grade to another file. Highlight exception safety and file handling techniques.

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✅ UNIT 4: MULTITHREADING AND GENERIC PROGRAMMING

Contact Hours: 8

1. Case Study 1:
   A weather application requires continuous updates without interrupting the user interface. How would you implement multithreading, define the thread life cycle, and synchronize threads in this use case?

2. Case Study 2:
   Design a system that downloads files from the internet and scans them for viruses simultaneously. Discuss how you would use inter-thread communication and daemon threads.

3. Case Study 3:
   Develop a thread group-based system to simulate multiple sensor inputs in a smart city application. Justify the use of thread groups for scalability and resource management.

4. Case Study 4:
   Suppose you are developing a type-safe collection system using generics. Create a case where generic methods and classes handle different types of user data while ensuring type safety.

5. Case Study 5:
   A project aims to sort and filter data across various types. Explain how bounded type parameters and the limitations of generics influence the system’s design.

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✅ UNIT 5: EVENT DRIVEN PROGRAMMING

Contact Hours: 8

1. Case Study 1:
   Develop a GUI-based quiz application using Java Swing. Explain the use of frames, buttons, checkboxes, and event handlers to handle user interaction.

2. Case Study 2:
   Create a drawing tool using Java that allows users to draw 2D shapes, choose colors, and modify fonts. Discuss how you would manage these using graphics programming and AWT components.

3. Case Study 3:
   In a retail billing system, users should be able to select items from a list, view the total amount, and check out. Explain the use of scrollbars, lists, and radio buttons in developing this system.

4. Case Study 4:
   Design a file explorer window using Java Swing that supports menus, dialog boxes, and action events. Discuss layout managers used and adapter classes applied in this system.

5. Case Study 5:
   Explain a case where mouse events and key actions are used to build a desktop-based game application. How does the AWT event hierarchy play a role in responsive design?