Object Oriented Programming, objects and classes

Introduction to OOP

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects rather than functions and logic. Java is an object-oriented language that follows the principles of OOP to make the code more modular, reusable, and scalable.

Key Principles of OOP

1. Encapsulation:

   • Wrapping data (variables) and methods together in a single unit (class).
   • Achieved using access modifiers like private, protected, and public.
   • Example: Using getter and setter methods to access private data.

2. Abstraction:

   • Hiding implementation details and exposing only essential features.
   • Achieved using abstract classes and interfaces.

3. Inheritance:

   • Creating a new class based on an existing class to promote code reuse.
   • Achieved using the extends keyword for class inheritance.

4. Polymorphism:

   • Ability of a function or object to take multiple forms.
   • Achieved using method overloading (same method name but different parameters) and method overriding (subclass redefines a method from its superclass).

Objects and Classes in Java

1. Class in Java

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines properties (fields/variables) and behaviors (methods/functions) that its objects will have.

Syntax of a Class