To develop C++ programs that randomly generate complex numbers using the previously designed Complex class, write two complex numbers per line in a file along with an arithmetic operator, and read the file line by line to perform the specified operation.

Experiment 10

Objectives

To use the previously designed Complex class.
To generate random complex numbers.
To perform file output and input operations.
To store arithmetic operators along with complex numbers.
To read and process data line by line.
To perform arithmetic operations on Complex objects.

Theory

File handling allows data to be stored permanently rather than only in main memory. C++ provides:

ofstream for writing to files.
ifstream for reading from files.

In this experiment, each line contains two complex numbers and an arithmetic operator.

For example:

(4 + 3i) (2 + 1i) +

The second program reads each line and calculates:

(4 + 3i) + (2 + 1i)

Program 1: Generate and Store Complex Numbers

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

#include <cstdlib>

#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

class Complex {

int r, i;

public:

Complex(int x = 0, int y = 0) {

r = x;

i = y;

}

void write(ofstream &file) {

file << "(" << r << " + " << i << "i)";

}

};

int main() {

ofstream file("complex.txt");

srand(time(0));

char op[] = {'+', '-', '*', '/'};

for (int n = 0; n < 5; n++) {

Complex a(rand() % 10, rand() % 10);

Complex b(rand() % 10, rand() % 10);

a.write(file);

file << " " << op[rand() % 4] << " ";

b.write(file);

file << endl;

}

file.close();

cout << "Complex numbers written to file.\n";

return 0;

}

Program 2: Read File and Perform Operation

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

class Complex {

double r, i;

public:

Complex(double x = 0, double y = 0) {

r = x;

i = y;

}

Complex operator+(Complex c) {

return Complex(r + c.r, i + c.i);

}

Complex operator-(Complex c) {

return Complex(r - c.r, i - c.i);

}

Complex operator*(Complex c) {

return Complex(r*c.r - i*c.i,

r*c.i + i*c.r);

}

Complex operator/(Complex c) {

double d = c.r*c.r + c.i*c.i;

if (d == 0)

throw "Division by zero";

return Complex(

(r*c.r + i*c.i) / d,

(i*c.r - r*c.i) / d

);

}

void display() {

cout << "(" << r << " + " << i << "i)";

}

};

int main() {

ifstream file("complex.txt");

double r1, i1, r2, i2;

char ch, op;

Complex result;

while (file >> ch >> r1 >> ch >> i1 >> ch

>> ch >> r2 >> ch >> i2 >> ch >> op) {

Complex a(r1, i1), b(r2, i2);

try {

switch (op) {

case '+':

result = a + b;

break;

case '-':

result = a - b;

break;

case '*':

result = a * b;

break;

case '/':

result = a / b;

break;

}

a.display();

cout << " " << op << " ";

b.display();

cout << " = ";

result.display();

cout << endl;

}

catch (const char *msg) {

cout << "Exception: " << msg << endl;

}

file.close();

return 0;

}

Sample Output

Complex numbers written to file.

(4 + 3i) + (2 + 1i) = (6 + 4i)

(7 + 2i) - (3 + 5i) = (4 + -3i)

(2 + 4i) * (3 + 1i) = (2 + 14i)

(8 + 6i) / (2 + 2i) = (3.5 + -0.5i)

Result

Thus, complex numbers were successfully generated randomly, stored in a file along with arithmetic operators, read from the file, and processed using overloaded Complex class operators.