To implement a Complex Number class with necessary operator overloading and type conversions, including integer-to-complex, double-to-complex and complex-to-double conversions.

 

Experiment 3

Aim

To implement a Complex Number class with necessary operator overloading and type conversions, including integer-to-complex, double-to-complex and complex-to-double conversions.

Objectives

• To understand operator overloading.
• To implement arithmetic operations on complex objects.
• To understand conversion constructors.
• To implement user-defined conversion from Complex to double.

Theory

Operator overloading allows operators such as +, -, * and / to work with user-defined objects.

A conversion constructor can convert a value of another type into a class object. A conversion operator allows conversion of a class object into another data type.

Algorithm

1. Define a Complex class with real and imaginary parts.
2. Create a constructor accepting real and imaginary values.
3. Implement overloaded +, -, * and / operators.
4. Allow integer and double values to be converted into Complex objects.
5. Define a conversion operator to convert Complex into double.
6. Display the results.

Program

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

 

class Complex {

    double real, imag;

 

public:

    Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) {

        real = r;

        imag = i;

    }

 

    Complex operator+(Complex c) {

        return Complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);

    }

 

    Complex operator-(Complex c) {

        return Complex(real - c.real, imag - c.imag);

    }

 

    Complex operator*(Complex c) {

        return Complex(real * c.real - imag * c.imag,

                       real * c.imag + imag * c.real);

    }

 

    Complex operator/(Complex c) {

        double d = c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag;

 

        return Complex(

            (real * c.real + imag * c.imag) / d,

            (imag * c.real - real * c.imag) / d

        );

    }

 

    operator double() {

        return real;

    }

 

    void display() {

        cout << real << " + " << imag << "i\n";

    }

};

 

int main() {

    Complex a(3, 4), b(2, 1), c;

 

    c = a + b;

    cout << "Addition: ";

    c.display();

 

    c = a - b;

    cout << "Subtraction: ";

    c.display();

 

    c = a * b;

    cout << "Multiplication: ";

    c.display();

 

    c = a / b;

    cout << "Division: ";

    c.display();

 

    Complex x = 5;

    cout << "Integer to Complex: ";

    x.display();

 

    Complex y = 5.5;

    cout << "Double to Complex: ";

    y.display();

 

    double d = a;

    cout << "Complex to double: " << d << endl;

 

    return 0;

}

Result

Thus, the Complex Number class was successfully implemented with operator overloading and type conversions.

Viva Questions

1. What is operator overloading?
2. Which operators can be overloaded?
3. What is a conversion constructor?
4. What is a conversion operator?
5. How is integer converted into Complex?
6. What is the purpose of operator double()?